RSV season, it is probably one of the most dreaded times of year in pediatrics and many reports are showing that this season is one of the worst in years. As a former pediatric nurse, I can attest the dread of RSV season, all of the suctioning, transferring in and out of ICU for more or less respiratory support, keeping those sweet babes in isolation to prevent the spread of RSV to other patients, and all of the masks, gowns, and gloves you can imagine. It was exhausting! As a provider and mom, I have to say, it is not much better.
Let’s start on what to expect out of RSV as a parent. RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is an extremely common and contagious respiratory virus that occurs during the fall, winter and spring months, with typical peak timing between January and February. The most common symptoms of RSV are runny nose, sneezing, cough, fever, and decreased appetite. Practically every child, by the age of 2, has been infected by RSV. However, symptoms can vary in severity from child to child and just because they have been infected once, that does not mean they will never be infected again. Those infected with RSV are typically contagious from 3-8 days and often times days 3-5 are when the worst of the symptoms present themselves.
RSV is passed through droplets and contact, hence why in the hospital, these kiddos are put in isolation and anyone coming in and out of the child’s room must wear a gown, gloves, and mask. Passing through droplets means that it is passed by coughing and sneezing, so covering your mouth when you cough or sneeze is not only polite, it helps prevent the spread of illness. The fact that is spread by contact means that it lives on surfaces, so just because you covered your mouth, does not mean that you are totally in the clear from spreading illness, it means you need to wash your hands (again this is also a polite thing to do). Adults can also catch and spread RSV, so it is especially important to avoid kissing on those sweet newborns and if you are touching someone’s baby, please wash your hands beforehand (oh and ask the mom or dad first, because otherwise that’s just plain rude)!!!
RSV can range from mild to severe, those with highest risk are premature infants, those with congenital heart or lung disease, infants under 6 months who were born in the start of RSV season, and anyone with a compromised immune system. These are the kids we become especially concerned about developing into bronchiolitis, pneumonia, severe respiratory distress, or even respiratory failure. Things parents should look for in their infant with RSV is fast breathing, using accessory muscles to breathe (pulling in at the ribs, belly breathing, nostrils flaring), not tolerating feeds, inability to clear nasal secretions, and not having wet diapers. These are things that require medical attention and potentially hospitalization.
So, what can parents do at home to keep their little ones with RSV comfortable? As I stated previously, RSV is is a virus, which means it is not cured by an antibiotic. Supportive care is really the main treatment for RSV. One of the main issues with RSV and small babies is that they cannot clear their nasal secretions, which causes difficulty breathing. I recommend either a bulb syringe, or even better, a nose frida (https://fridababy.com/products/nosefrida). While the nose frida may seem gross, it is amazing in clearing secretions and no secretions are passed from the infant to parent. Clearing the secretions not only help babies breathe better, but it makes it easier for them to feed as well, which helps prevent dehydration.
I hope this is helpful, not only for all of the moms out there who don’t really know what RSV is, but also for those nurse practitioners who may not be used to seeing patients with RSV. Any additional information can be found on the CDC website by clicking this link https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/index.html.
Just remember, if you or you’re kids are sick, try and stay home. Obviously, I know that is easier said than done, but at the very least, avoid spreading illness with good handwashing and cover your mouth when you cough/sneeze.
Stay healthy everyone!!
XOXO, Tara